Practical guide

How to design AI-enabled workflows

A task-led framework for allocating work between people and AI, preserving evidence, adding checks and delivering accountable results.

By Two Prune Research

An AI-enabled workflow is a sequence of human and machine actions organized around a real task. Good design defines the objective, inputs, decision rights, acceptable AI contribution, verification checkpoints and final accountable owner. It improves the work system rather than inserting AI into every step or treating a generated draft as completion.

Define the work unit and its consequence

Start with a bounded task and deliverable, not a tool feature. Record the audience, evidence, constraints, deadline and consequence of error. This reveals which steps can be assisted and which require human judgment, authorization or escalation.

The ILO's task-level analysis shows why workflow design should not begin with broad claims about replacing an occupation. Different tasks within the same role vary in exposure and in their continuing need for human input.

A low-consequence brainstorming step may tolerate broad exploration. A customer commitment, financial calculation or policy interpretation needs stronger source control and review. Scale the workflow to the decision, not to the novelty of the AI feature.

Sources: [1] [2]

Allocate human and AI work explicitly

For each step, state what the AI may do, what information it may use, what a person must decide and what evidence must be preserved. Explicit allocation prevents assistance from quietly becoming unreviewed delegation.

AI may help summarize source material, generate options, transform formats or critique a draft. A person may still need to choose authoritative sources, resolve conflicts, apply organizational context and own the final communication.

NIST's framework emphasizes governance, context, measurement and management across the system lifecycle. In a knowledge-work workflow, those ideas translate into named owners, approved inputs, inspectable checks and a response path when evidence is missing or the output is unsafe to use.

Sources: [2] [3]

Place verification before the consequence

Checks should occur where an error can still be caught cheaply and before it reaches a customer, decision, system or public record. Verify the claims and calculations that matter most instead of applying the same checklist mechanically to every output.

Useful checkpoints include reconciling a summary to its sources, recalculating a model, testing an alternative explanation, confirming effective dates and reviewing whether the deliverable answers the original decision. Preserve corrections and unresolved uncertainty rather than polishing them away.

Review the workflow using both process and outcome evidence. If errors repeat, determine whether the cause is training, task framing, tool configuration, source access, incentives or review design. Changing the prompt alone may not address a work-system problem.

  • Name the task, audience, evidence and consequence.
  • Allocate AI assistance and human decision rights by step.
  • Put proportionate checks before irreversible or costly actions.
  • Review failures across the whole work system.

Sources: [2] [4]

Sources

  1. 1.Generative AI and jobs: A 2025 update · International Labour Organization
  2. 2.Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) · National Institute of Standards and Technology
  3. 3.AI foundation skills for work benchmark · Skills England
  4. 4.AI and skills: What we know so far · OECD

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